Medical research is beginning to make use of “real world data,” the data generated from everyday visits to doctors’ offices by normal patients. A new paper in The Oncologist provides a powerful demonstration of how this data can be applied to real studies.
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The gold standard of medical research has been “randomized controlled trials,” clinical trials that test a small group of patients with a particular treatment against a control group; this data is used both for drug approval and informing doctors’ treatment decisions. Increasingly, there has been interest in augmenting this approach with real-world data coming from visits by real-world patients.
Advocates of real-world data studies point to two major advantages to using RWD:
While real-world data studies are promising in theory, in practice there are a variety of major challenges to using this data. The data is messy (there is an incomplete view of the patient’s journey) and the lack of randomization challenges the experimental validity of results.
The Oncologist recently published a great study by Sam Khozin, et al, where real-world data was used to better understand outcomes for lung cancer patients taking one of two PD-1 inhibitors that were recently approved by the FDA. The study is exciting for three reasons:
Here, patients were selected based on a review of unstructured data derived from EHR systems, which supported a more representative and a more accurate approach than relying on cohort selection based on disease codes.
This is pioneering work. Real-world data is messy, but much of that messiness is hopefully solvable by pioneering studies like these and data analysts across the industry. We predict the continued advent of RWD will have major impacts on the industry: within five years, we expect that EHR vendors, claims clearinghouses and other clinical data stores will have adapted to make their data usable (and linkable) for real-world evidence.
As a result of the shift beyond clinical trials, pharma companies and contract research organizations (CRO) will rapidly evolve to include deep expertise in both real-world study design and the underlying data management necessary to execute.
Within ten years, at any given point in time, thousands of these retrospective real-world studies will be running concurrently, enhancing our knowledge of different therapies and treatment protocols. Further studies are underway, and patients will be better off as researchers make better use of the explosion of information happening in the real world.
Editor’s note: This post has been updated on December 2022 for accuracy and comprehensiveness.
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